Cap. 2 Ratio 5: The title Redeemer and Savior of the world requires a universal applicable cause
That work which truly and by merit, as soon as it is understood to have been transacted between God the Father and the Son, gives Christ the name Redeemer of the world and Savior of the world, must be acknowledged as a universal cause of salvation, or a universal remedy applicable to the whole human race. But such was the work of Christ’s obedience unto the death of the cross. Therefore, etc. The Major is confirmed from this: that on the side of the price itself paid, Christ would be only a particular Redeemer and Savior if the price paid were not, by God’s ordination, applicable to any individuals of the human race whatever. We therefore who grant to Christ the name and title of Redeemer and Savior of the world must at the same time grant this: that this redemption, from which he is so named, is the payment of the price owed for the liberation of the human race — a payment which so far avails with God that he can require no other satisfaction for reconciling any human being to himself; and which so far profits us all that any sinner can be freed, provided he believes in this Redeemer and (as must always be done with remedies) applies this saving medicine to himself by faith. In this sense we truly say that Christ died for all human beings, and that this death of Christ, or the redemption acquired by his death, is a merit applicable to each and every human being — which can in no way be affirmed of the fallen angels. Christ Jesus is therefore Redeemer and Savior of all human beings causally, as the Schools speak: that is, by instituting and supplying a cause sufficient and ordained and accepted by God for expiating the sins of whoever will use this remedy. This suffices to found the title of universal Savior and Redeemer, even though the will to believe is not given to all.
We now come to the Minor, which is so clear that it does not need laborious proof. The Scriptures, looking to this death of Christ applicable to all, call him the Savior of the world (John 4:42): This is truly the Christ, the Savior of the world. They call the death of Christ itself a lytron given for the redemption of all (1 Timothy 2:6), a propitiation for the sins of the whole world (1 John 2:2). The Catholic Church also in her public prayers has always named Christ the Redeemer of the world. But lest anyone twist appellations of this kind into the sense that Christ would be called Redeemer of the world because he efficaciously redeems the elect scattered through the whole world, I add at the end that both the Fathers and modern writers have asserted Christ to be Redeemer of the world in the sense we have set down — namely, that his death is a lytron applicable by God’s ordination to each and every human being. Here belong those words of Prosper, answering Vincent’s objection, Response 1: On account of the one nature of all and the one cause of all truly assumed by our Lord, all are rightly said to be redeemed, and yet not all have been delivered from captivity, etc. And a little later: The cup of immortality compounded of our infirmity and the divine power has indeed in itself what would profit all; but if it is not drunk, it does not heal. The same is the aim of those words of Musculus already cited by us (Common Places, p. 151): We know that not all become partakers of this redemption; yet the perdition of those who are not saved by no means hinders its being called a universal redemption. For that reprobate human beings do not receive it is neither a defect of the grace of God, nor is it just that on account of the sons of perdition it should lose the glory and title of a universal redemption, since it is prepared for all and all are called to it. From all of which it is clear that Christ is rightly called Redeemer and Savior of the world, because he brought to the whole human race a remedy applicable unto procuring the salvation of individuals.
Latin
Illud opus quod vere et merito, simulac transactum intelligitur inter Deum Patrem et Filium, dat Christo nomen Redemtoris mundi, et Servatoris mundi, agnoscendum est ut universalis causa salutis, vel remedium universale toti humano generi applicabile: sed tale fuit opus obedientiae Christi usque ad mortem Crucis; Ergo, etc. Major inde confirmatur quod ex parte ipsius pretii persoluti Christus esset tantum Redemtor et Servator particularis, si pretium persolutum juxta ordinationem Dei non esset applicabile quibusvis humani generis individuis. Nos igitur qui nomen et titulum Redemtoris et Servatoris mundi Christo concedimus, id simul concedere debemus; hanc redemtionem, unde ita denominatur, esse solutionem pretii debiti pro liberatione humani generis; quod apud Deum hactenus valet, ut nullam aliam satisfactionem possit requirere ad quemvis hominem sibi reconciliandum; et nobis omnibus eatenus profit, ut possit quivis peccator liberari, modo in hunc Redemtorem credat, et (quod in remediis fieri semper oportet) hanc salutarem medicinam per fidem sibi applicet. Hoc sensu vere dicimus Christum pro omnibus hominibus mortuum, et hanc mortem Christi, sive redemtionem morte ejus acquisitam, esse meritum omnibus et singulis hominibus applicabile, quod de Angelis lapsis nullo modo affirmari potest. Est igitur Redemtor et Servator omnium hominum Christus Jesus causaliter, ut Schola loquitur, id est, instituendo et suppeditando causam sufficientem et ordinatam atque acceptatam a Deo ad expianda peccata quorumcunque qui hoc remedio uti volunt. Hoc sufficit ad fundandum titulum universalis Servatoris et Redemtoris, quamvis voluntas credendi non donetur omnibus. Jam ad Minorem veniamus, quae tam perspicua est ut operosa probatione non egeat. Scripturae, respiciendo ad hanc mortem Christi omnibus applicabilem, appellant illum Servatorem mundi, Johann. iv. 42: Hic est vere Servator ille mundi Christus. Vocant ipsam Christi mortem lytron datum pro redemtione omnium, 1 Tim. ii. 6. propitiationem pro peccatis totius mundi, 1 Johann. ii. 2. Catholica etiam Ecclesia in publicis suis precibus Christum mundi Redemtorem semper indigitavit. Ne autem quis torqueat hujusmodi appellationes in illum sensum, quasi Christus Redemtor mundi diceretur, quia electos per totum mundum dispersos efficaciter redimit, illud ad extremum addo, et Patres et scriptores modernos sensu a nobis posito Christum mundi Redemtorem asseruisse; nimirum, quod ejus mors sit lytron ex ordinatione Dei omnibus et singulis hominibus applicabile. Huc faciunt illa Prosperi verba, Ad Object. Vincentian. Resp. 1. Propter unam omnium naturam et unam omnium causam a Domino nostro in veritate susceptam, recte omnes dicuntur redemti, et tamen non omnes a captivitate sunt eruti, etc. Et paulo post, Poculum immortalitatis quod confectum est de infirmitate nostra et virtute Divina habet quidem in se ut omnibus prosit: sed si non bibitur, non medetur. Eodem spectant et illa Musculi a nobis ante citata, Loc. Comm. pag. 151. Scimus non omnes redemtionis hujus fieri participes: verum illorum perditio qui non servantur, haudquaquam impedit quo minus universalis vocetur redemtio. Nam quod illam homines reprobi non accipiant, neque defectu sit gratiae Dei, neque justum est ut illa propter Filios perditionis gloriam ac titulum universalis redemtionis amittat, cum sit parata cunctis, et omnes ad illam vocentur. Ex quibus omnibus illud elucet, Christum recte dici Redemtorem et Servatorem mundi, quod toti humano generi apportaverit remedium ad salutem singulorum procurandam applicabile.
About this text
John Davenant — Dissertationes duae from the 1650 Cambridge Latin. Honest partial through De praedestinatione Cap. 1 subject tip; Cap. 1 mid-Thesis and remainder remain; De praedestinatione Cap. 1 Prolegomena IV distinguishing conditions tip; De praedestinatione Cap. II Variae (Pelagian opening) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. II Scholastici / Vasquez Arg. 1 tip; De praedestinatione Cap. II Arg. 2 praescientia tip; De praedestinatione Cap. II Arg. 3 (1 Cor. 2:9) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. II Arg. 4 (2 Tim. 2:21) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. II Arg. 5 (1 Tim. 2:4) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. II Arg. 6 (James 2:5) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. II Arg. 7 (Apoc. 3:11) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. III Rat. 1 (common inefficacious will) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. III Rat. 2 (Vasquez physical vs moral media) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. III Rat. 3 (king/prize / victory foresight) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. III Rat. 4 (optimum modus / crown of justice) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. III Rat. 5 (acceptor personarum) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. III Rat. 6 (misericordia/congruitas) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. III Rat. 7 (equal disposition) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. III Rat. 8 (few saved / major part) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. III Rat. 9 (Stephen / glory from others' sins) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. III Rat. 10 (mere beneplacitum / Predestinati) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. III reprobation ratio (foresight of sin) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. III Rat. 12 (efficacious election / free choice) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. III Rat. 13 (hortation/prayer) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. III Rat. 14 (decree/execution conformity) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. IV Arminianorum open tip; De praedestinatione Cap. IV Arg. 1 Sol tip; De praedestinatione Cap. IV Arg. 7 (τρόπος; Rom. 9:22) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. IV Arg. 8 (ordo exsecutionis) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. IV Arg. 9 (Christus fundamentum) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. V Obj. 1 (amor ad salutem) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. V Obj. 2 (actualis vitae datio) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. V Obj. 3 (qualis existens) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. V Obj. 4 (justitiae satisfactio) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. V Obj. 5 (natura vitae aeternae) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. V Obj. 6 (Christus a decreto) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. V Obj. 7 (Evangelium invertitur) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. V Obj. 8 (arcana/revelata) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. VI (Orthodoxa sententia) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. VI Arg. 2 (gratia specialis) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. VI Arg. 3 (Scripturae) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. VI Arg. 4 (vocatio) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. VI Arg. 5 (adjutorium) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. VI Arg. 7 (inconveniens) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. VI Arg. 8 (perseverantia) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. VI Arg. 9 (unica ratio) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. VI Arg. 10 (abyssus) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. VI Arg. 11 (efficacia) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. VI Arg. 12 (segregativum) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. VI Arg. 13 (pura gratia) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. VII open (reprobatio) tip; De praedestinatione Cap. VII Junius trifariam tip; De praedestinatione Cap. VIII open (adversariorum) tip; Cap. VIII peccata-causa tip; Cap. VIII fewer-reprobates tip; Cap. VIII Argentina tip; Cap. VIII dives-misericordia tip; Cap. VIII Corvinus tip into Cap. IX; Cap. IX Ab Adae tip; Cap. IX Ab Adae Christus omnibus+Minor tip; Cap. IX Arg. 3 Sol tip; Cap. IX vocatione Evangelica tip; Cap. IX vocatione Sol cont. tip; Cap. IX Arg. 6 Sol cont. tip.
English follows locked 1650 Cambridge Latin of De morte Christi Cap. 1-6 opening (origin + Thesis 1 + Cap. 2 Rat. 1-ultima + Cap. 3 Satisfit through Obj. 17 + Cap. 4 Thesis 2 tip through Mem. 1 close + Cap. 4 Mem. 2 through Mem. 3 tip + Cap. 4 Mem. 3 possible-faith through Thesis 2 close + Cap. 5 Thesis 3 tip through Mem. 2 Scripture close + Cap. 5 Mem. 2 Rat. 1-4 + Cap. 5 Mem. 2 Fathers tip + Cap. 5 Mem. 2 Huberiana objections tip through Obj. 3 Solut close + Cap. 5 Mem. 2 elect-from-eternity objections tip through Obj. 3 Solut close + Cap. 5 Mem. 2 Scripture elect objections tip through Cap. 5 thesis close + Cap. 6 opening tip through Arg. 1 close before Arg. 2), reconstructed from the Internet Archive PDF (pdftotext + tesseract) of the Roger Daniel folio with DjVu OCR check. The 1683 reprint was not used as copy-text. No modern English was copied.
Witnesses
- Copy-text Locked Latin, De morte Christi Cap. 1-5 densify through Cap. 5 Mem. 2 Fathers tip (Daniel 1650) (Latin)
- Print Facsimile Internet Archive PDF of the 1650 Cambridge folio (Latin)
- Checked print Internet Archive DjVu OCR of the 1650 Cambridge folio (Latin)
This is an AI-assisted study translation. Source fidelity and completeness have not been independently certified. Open Latin on each section (or the Latin source witness link) for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.