On Adoration and Worship in Spirit and Truth, Book 9 · §8

Cherubim escort; Isaiah Seraphim; God unseen; feet = untraceable ways

Cyril: …Father, except through me.’ Yet even if the only-begotten Word of God has become according to us, lowering himself into humanity and emptying, still it is also naturally his own to be understood in the God-fitting glory, and to exist in superiorities beyond the creation, just as indeed also before the flesh. For this reason the cherubim stand around the mercy-seat, covering with the wings, and turned toward it, and always fixing the face, and a clear proof of escort is the standing unto right and left. And the somehow intense and unsated unto God-sight of the uppermost powers seems to hint the cherubim always looking upon the mercy-seat. And in his own form the prophet Isaiah also writes the Son, saying: ‘I saw the Lord Sabaoth sitting upon a high and lifted throne, and Seraphim were standing in a circle around him,’ (Philippians 2:7) and six wings he says had grown for each, and they cover—with two the feet, and with two the faces, and fly with the others. And if someone should think that the Seraphim were covering the face of God, and indeed also the feet, it is not unlikely to think something such. For turning the meaning of Seraphim into a voice of Greeks, we will find a fullness of knowledge or a pouring of wisdom being signified. Therefore the all-wise and uppermost powers hint also very clearly by the form that it is not lawful for God’s face to be seen by anyone. For the nature beyond every mind is altogether out-of-sight, and dwells in unapproachable light, according to the voice of the blessed Paul, and ‘No one will see God’ (Exodus 33:20)s face and live,’ according at least to what was said uprightly by him toward Moses the most holy. But neither would anyone know both his tracks and his ways. For it has been written, ‘O depth of wealth and wisdom and knowledge of God; how unsearchable his judgments, and untraceable his ways!’ (Isaiah 6:1–2) And the blessed David also sings, and strikes up a wise song: ‘In the sea is your way, and your paths in many waters, and your tracks will not be known.’ (1 Timothy 6:16) For just as no one would see a track in waters—perhaps of a human or of a ship, or of those swimming in them—so no one would look down upon divine and ineffable ways. Of which the feet would be unto a type. And if indeed someone should suspect that the holy Seraphim pack down with the wings their own faces and feet, let us think that it is not lawful to see a beginning or end of the wisdom about God, or knowledge. For it itself is also incomprehensible, and beyond human mind. And beginning of every body is head; and end the feet. So then the mercy-seat is Christ, who even having appeared in flesh is no less God and Lord, by nature and truly, having even the uppermost powers themselves standing around in a circle in a slave-fitting way. And a holy word also said somewhere to us that after Satan stood away, having let go the trial in Christ, when he had fasted for us, angels came forward and were serving him; ‘For they are ministering spirits (Romans 11:33) (Psalm 77:19) (Matthew 4:11) (Hebrews 1:14)

Greek

Πατέρα, εἰ μὴ δι' ἐμοῦ.» Πλὴν εἰ καὶ γέγονε καθ' ἡμᾶς, καθιεὶς ἑαυτὸν εἰς ἀνθρωπότητά τε καὶ κένωσιν ὁ μονογενὴς τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγος, ἀλλ' ἔστι καὶ ἴδιον αὐτοῦ φυσικῶς τὸ ἐν δόξῃ νοεῖσθαι τῇ θεοπρεπεῖ, καὶ ἐν ὑπεροχαῖς ὑπάρχειν ταῖς ὑπὲρ τὴν κτίσιν, καθάπερ ἀμέλει καὶ πρὸ τῆς σαρκός. Διὰ τοῦτο τὰ Χερουβὶμ περιεστᾶσι τὸ ἱλαστήριον, πυκάζοντα ταῖς πτέρυξι, καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸ τετραμμένα, καὶ ἀεὶ τὸ πρόσωπον ἐπερείδοντα, καὶ δορυφορίας μὲν ἀπόδειξις ἐναργὴς, ἡ εἰς δεξιά τε καὶ εὐώνυμα στάσις. Τὸ δὲ τῶν ἀνωτάτω δυνάμεων οἱονεί πως ἔντονόν τε καὶ ἀκόρεστον εἰς θεοπτίαν, ὑπεμφαίνειν ἔοικεν, τὸ βλέπειν ἀεὶ τὰ Χερουβὶμ ἐπὶ τὸ ἱλαστήριον. Ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ δὲ σχήματι γράφει τὸν Υἱὸν καὶ ὁ προφήτης Ἡσαΐας, λέγων· «Εἶδον τὸν Κύριον Σαβαὼθ καθήμενον ἐπὶ θρόνου ὑψηλοῦ καὶ ἐπηρμένου, καὶ Σεραφὶμ εἱστήκεσαν κύκλῳ αὐτοῦ,» καὶ ἓξ μὲν ἑκάστῳ πτέρυγας ἐκπεφυκέναι, φησὶ, καλύπτειν δὲ αὐτὰ, ταῖς μὲν δυσὶ τοὺς πόδας, ταῖς δὲ δυσὶ τὰ πρόσωπα, πέτεσθαι δὲ ταῖς ἑτέραις. Καὶ εἰ μὲν οἴοιτό τις ὅτι τὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ πρόσωπον, καὶ μὴν καὶ τοὺς πόδας κατεκάλυπτον τὰ Σεραφὶμ, οὐδὲν ἀπεικὸς ἐννοεῖν τι τοιοῦτον. Μετατρέποντες γὰρ εἰς Ἑλλήνων φωνὴν, τοῦ Σεραφὶμ τὴν δήλωσιν, γνώσεως πληθυσμὸν ἤτοι σοφίας χύσιν σημαινομένην εὑρήσομεν. Ὑπεμφαίνουσι τοιγαροῦν τῷ σχήματι καὶ μάλα σαφῶς, αἱ πάνσοφοί τε καὶ ἀνωτάτω δυνάμεις, ὅτι Θεοῦ πρόσωπον οὐ θέμις ὁρᾶσθαι πρός τινος. Ἄποπτος γὰρ παντελῶς ἡ ὑπὲρ πάντα νοῦν ἐστι φύσις, καὶ φῶς ἀπρόσιτον οἰκεῖ, κατὰ τὴν τοῦ μακαρίου Παύλου φωνὴν, καὶ «Οὐδεὶς ὄψεται Θεοῦ πρόσωπον, καὶ ζήσεται,» κατά γε τὸ παρ' αὐτοῦ πρὸς Μωσέα τὸν ἱερώτατον εἰρημένον ὀρθῶς. Ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἄν τις γνοίη τά τε ἴχνη καὶ τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ. Γέγραπται γὰρ, «Ὦ βάθος πλούτου, καὶ σοφίας, καὶ γνώσεως Θεοῦ· ὡς ἀνεξερεύνητα τὰ κρίματα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀνεξιχνίαστοι αἱ ὁδοὶ αὐτοῦ!» Ψάλλει δὲ καὶ ὁ μακάριος Δαβὶδ, καὶ σοφὸν ἀνακρούει μέλος· «Ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ ἡ ὁδός σου, καὶ αἱ τρίβοι σου ἐν ὕδασι πολλοῖς, καὶ τὰ ἴχνη σου οὐ γνωσθήσονται.» Ὥσπερ γὰρ οὐκ ἄν τις ἴδοι ἴχνος ἐν ὕδασιν, ἢ ἀνθρώπου τυχὸν ἢ νεὼς, ἢ τῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς νηχομένων, οὕτως οὐκ ἂν καταθρήσειέ τις θείας τε καὶ ἀποῤῥήτους ὁδούς. Ὧν ἂν εἶεν εἰς τύπον οἱ πόδες. Εἰ δὲ δὴ καὶ τὰ ἑαυτῶν πρόσωπα καὶ τοὺς πόδας καταπυκάζειν ταῖς πτέρυξιν ὑποτοπήσαιτό τις τὰ ἅγια Σεραφὶμ, ἐννοῶμεν ὅτι τῆς περὶ Θεοῦ σοφίας, ἤτοι γνώσεως ἀρχὴν ἢ τέλος ἰδεῖν οὐ θέμις. Ἀκατάληπτος γὰρ καὶ αὐτὴ, καὶ ὑπὲρ νοῦν ἐστι τὸν ἀνθρώπινον. Ἀρχὴ δὲ παντὸς σώματος, κεφαλή· τέλος δὲ οἱ πόδες. Τὸ ἱλαστήριον οὖν ἄρα Χριστὸς, ὃς καὶ ἐν σαρκὶ πεφηνὼς, οὐδὲν ἧττόν ἐστι Θεὸς, καὶ Κύριος, φύσει τε καὶ ἀληθῶς, περιεστώσας ἐν κύκλῳ δουλοπρεπῶς καὶ αὐτὰς ἔχων τὰς ἀνωτάτω δυνάμεις. Ἔφη δέ που καὶ λόγος ἡμῖν ἱερὸς, ὡς μετά γε τὸ ἐκστῆναι τὸν Σατανᾶν τὴν ἐν Χριστῷ μεθέντα πεῖραν, ὅτε νενήστευκεν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, ἄγγελοι προσῆλθον καὶ διηκόνουν αὐτῷ· «Πνεύματα γάρ εἰσι λει

About this text

Cyril continues the dialogue with Palladius. Book 9 of a seventeen-book dialogue — not the whole work.

English follows Migne PG 68 (Aubert reprint). The PDF and a cleaned text of the same print were checked against each other. This page is Book 9 of seventeen. This is a reading translation for study, not a new critical edition of the Greek.

Witnesses

  • Copy-text Migne PG 68 De adoratione Book 5 (Aubert reprint) (Greek · Book 9)
  • Checked print PDF of PG 68 De adoratione (Greek · Book 9)

English is newly prepared for study from the stated edition. Open Greek on each section for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.