Calf/sheep = faithful flock; thieves sell souls to Satan; night vs sunrise
Palladius: The word is not very clear. But you, try to tell me what it is that is somehow oracularly spoken as in a riddle.
Cyril: The law usefully defines a penalty of the one wanting to grasp more, and somehow reins in the unbridled toward desire of whatever the neighbor or brother might happen to have, so that even if it should happen, he says, that the one condemned for this should die in the very act of stealing, no blame is rubbed onto those who have killed him. And he also dishonors him by saying that it is fitting to sell him if he cannot hold out toward payment of ransom, driving him with terrors unto needing to choose to live well. But the hidden mind of the history would be much other than this, and we must also say it as well as possible. Calf then and sheep, both pure and holy, and brought up to God unto a smell of fragrance. But the calf is in superiority and greatness of body; the other not so. For the sheep is less than a calf. Calves then and sheep as somehow pure and most holy animals are the holy multitude of those justified through faith, and splitting the hoof and bringing up rumination according to the law, and workers of cultivated fruits; for the calf works the ground; and the sheep also is fruitful, and the flock of the called has been shut into the divine courts, that is, in churches; and very many are the thieves around it, digging through and slipping in, and by manifold deceits drawing out the souls of the simpler ones, and all but selling them down to the destroying Satan; yet the one who has done something such will repay five calves, he says, instead of one, and four sheep instead of the sheep; for fivefold upon the calf is the judgment for the one who has stolen, and fourfold must come upon one sheep, he says, according somehow, I think, to the measure of the spiritual quantity according to virtue of those who are being destroyed, having set the punishment. And the bodily would be a type and shadow of the quantity in virtue; for the greater or less in fair dealings is easy to see among those who have believed, since not all are by chance in equality; ‘But each of us has his own gift from God, one thus, another thus.’ And if still stealing and digging through, and fulfilling the works of robbery, he should be caught as in night and darkness, he says, then let him also have died; and the matter is not murder, nor a charge against the doer. For the one who fell is grasping and violent, and has been wounded by the law of war; but when the sun has risen, and the time of the robbery has already passed, it restrains the hand of the one striking, and defines a murder-charge of the daring. For as long as the intelligible thief damages the soul of the one who has believed unto Christ, and draws it out from love unto God, if he should be caught in the very wrongs, he would suffer not unjustly also the need to have died; for he killed a soul, the better than body; but when the sun has risen also for him according to mind, and true knowledge is shining as in the order of light and day,
Greek
{ΠΑΛΛ.} Οὐ σφόδρα σαφὴς ὁ λόγος. Σὺ δὲ ὅ τί ποτέ ἐστι τὸ ὡς ἐν αἰνίγματι χρησμῳδούμενον, πειρῶ μοι λέγειν.
{ΚΥΡ.} Ζημίαν ὁ νόμος καθορίζει χρησίμως τοῦ πλεονεκτεῖν ἐθέλοντος, καὶ ἀνασειράζει τρόπον τινὰ τὸν ἀκάθεκτον εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν, ὧν ἂν ἔχοι τυχὸν ἢ γείτων, ἢ ἀδελφὸς, ὥστε κἂν εἰ γένοιτο, φησὶν, ἐν αὐτῷ τεθνάναι τῷ κλέπτειν τὸν ἐπὶ τῷδε κατεγνωσμένον, οὐδένα τοῖς ἀνῃρηκόσι προστρίβεσθαι μῶμον. Ἀτιμᾷ δὲ καὶ λέγων, ὅτι προσήκει πιπράσκειν αὐτὸν, εἰ μὴ πρὸς λύτρων ἀντέχοι καταβολὴν, εἴς γε τὸ χρῆναι βιοῦν ἑλέσθαι καλῶς συνελαύνων τοῖς δείμασι. Νοῦς γε μὴν τῆς ἱστορίας ὁ κεκρυμμένος ἕτερος ἂν εἴη παρὰ τοῦτον πολὺ, καὶ δεῖ καὶ λέγειν ἡμᾶς ὡς ἔνι καλῶς. Μόσχος μὲν δὴ καὶ πρόβατον, καθαρά τε ἄμφω καὶ ἱερὰ, καὶ εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας ἀνακομιζόμενα τῷ Θεῷ. Ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν μόσχος ἐν ὑπεροχῇ καὶ μεγέθει σώματος· θάτερόν γε μὴν, οὐχ οὕτω. Μόσχου γὰρ μεῖον τὸ πρόβατον. Μόσχοι δὴ οὖν καὶ πρόβατα ὥσπερ τινὰ ζῶα καθαρά τε καὶ ἱερώτατα, τῶν διὰ πίστεως δεδικαιωμένων ἡ ἁγία πληθὺς, καὶ διχηλοῦντες ὁπλὴν, καὶ μηρυκισμὸν ἀνάγοντες, κατὰ τὸν νόμον, καὶ καρπῶν ἡμέρων ἐργάται· γηπονεῖ γὰρ ὁ μόσχος· ἔγκαρπον δὲ καὶ τὸ πρόβατον, καὶ ἐνσεσήκασται μὲν ταῖς θείαις αὐλαῖς, τουτέστιν, ἐν ἐκκλησίαις ἡ τῶν κεκλημένων ἀγέλη· πολλοὶ δὲ λίαν οἱ κλέπται περὶ αὐτὴν, διορύττοντες τε καὶ παρεισδύνοντες, καὶ πολυτρόποις φενακισμοῖς τὰς τῶν ἁπλουστέρων ψυχὰς ἐξέλκοντες, καὶ μονονουχὶ καταπιπράσκοντες τῷ ὀλοθρεύοντι Σατανᾷ· πλὴν ὁ δεδρακώς τι τοιοῦτον, πέντε μόσχους ἀποτίσει, φησὶν, ἀνθ' ἑνὸς, καὶ τέσσαρα πρόβατα ἀντὶ τοῦ προβάτου· πενταπλασίονα μὲν γὰρ ἐπὶ τῷ μόσχῳ, τῷ κεκλοφότι τὴν δίκην, τετραπλασίονα δὲ δεῖν ἐφ' ἑνὶ προβάτῳ γενέσθαι φησὶ, κατὰ τὸ μέτρον, οἶμαί που, τῆς πνευματικῆς κατ' ἀρετὴν ποσότητος, τῶν ἀπολλυμένων ἐπιθεὶς τὴν κόλασιν. Τύπος δ' ἂν εἴη καὶ σκιὰ τῆς ἐν ἀρετῇ ποσότητος, ἡ σωματική· τὸ γάρτοι μεῖζον ἢ μεῖον ἐν ἐπιεικείαις, ἀταλαίπωρον ἰδεῖν ἔν γε τοῖς πεπιστευκόσιν, ἐπεὶ μὴ ἐν ἴσῳ πάντες τυχόν· «Ἀλλ' ἕκαστος ἡμῶν ἴδιον ἔχει χάρισμα ἐκ Θεοῦ, ὁ μὲν οὕτως, ὁ δὲ οὕτως.» Εἰ δὲ δὴ κλέπτων τε καὶ διορύττων ἔτι, καὶ τὰ τῆς λῃστείας ἔργα πληρῶν, ὡς ἐν νυκτί τε καὶ σκότῳ καταφωραθείη, φησὶ, καὶ ἐκτεθνάτω τότε· καὶ τὸ χρῆμα, οὐ φόνος, οὐδὲ τῷ δράσαντι γραφή. Πλεονέκτης γὰρ καὶ βίαιος ὁ πεσὼν, καὶ πολέμου τέτρωται νόμῳ· ἡλίου δὲ ἀνατείλαντος, καὶ παρελάσαντος ἤδη τοῦ τῆς λῃστείας καιροῦ, τὴν τοῦ πλήττοντος εἴργει χεῖρα, καὶ φόνου γραφὴν καθορίζει τοῦ τολμήματος. Ἕως μὲν γὰρ ὁ κλέπτης ὁ νοητὸς, τὴν τοῦ πιστεύσαντος εἰς Χριστὸν καταλωβᾶται ψυχὴν, καὶ ἀγάπης ἐξέλκει τῆς εἰς Θεὸν, εἰ ἐν αὐτοῖς ἁλοίη τοῖς πλημμελήμασι, πάθοι ἂν οὐκ ἀδίκως καὶ τὸ ἐκτεθνάναι δεῖν· ψυχὴν γὰρ ἀπέκτεινε, τὴν ἀμείνω σώματος· ἡλίου δὲ ἀνατείλαντος καὶ αὐτῷ κατὰ νοῦν, καὶ διαυγαζούσης ὡς ἐν τάξει φωτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας, τῆς ἀληθοῦς γνώσεως,
About this text
Cyril continues the dialogue with Palladius. Book 8 of a seventeen-book dialogue — not the whole work.
English follows Migne PG 68 (Aubert reprint). The PDF and a cleaned text of the same print were checked against each other. This page is Book 8 of seventeen. This is a reading translation for study, not a new critical edition of the Greek.
Witnesses
- Copy-text Migne PG 68 De adoratione Book 5 (Aubert reprint) (Greek · Book 8)
- Checked print PDF of PG 68 De adoratione (Greek · Book 8)
English is newly prepared for study from the stated edition. Open Greek on each section for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.