Fulfill the Law; worship in spirit and truth
Palladius went on from Matthew: '...one iota or one stroke shall by no means pass from the Law until all things have come to be.' And in the writing according to John, to the woman from Samaria: 'Believe me, woman, that an hour is coming when you will worship the Father neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem. You worship what you do not know; we worship what we know, because salvation is from the Jews. But an hour is coming, and now is, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth. For the Father also seeks such to worship him. God is spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and in truth.'
Cyril said: Then what in these things seems to you the steep place? What is the deep and hard to reach? Tell me, since I ask.
Palladius: A holy word commands us to leave the more ancient customs and to put an end to the righteousness that is in the Law. And Paul said to those who still desired that righteousness even after the faith: 'You have been severed from Christ, you who are being justified in the Law; you have fallen away from grace. For we by the Spirit, from faith, wait for the hope of righteousness.' And of the way of life according to the Law, though he could show on himself bright and great boasts, he says again: 'Whatever was gain to me, these I have counted loss because of Christ. Indeed I count all things loss because of the surpassing knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ, for whom I suffered the loss of all things, and count them rubbish, that I may gain Christ and be found in him, not having my own righteousness, the one from the Law, but the one from faith in Christ, the righteousness from God.' He also said plainly that the ancient commandment was not without fault. That is why, he says, the new one through Christ — that is, the gospel one — has been brought in for us, usefully, in its place. He writes thus: 'For there is a setting-aside of the foregoing commandment because of its weakness and uselessness. For the Law perfected nothing, but the bringing in of a better hope, through which we draw near to God.' And again: 'For if that first one had been faultless, no place would have been sought for a second.' For finding fault with them he says: 'Behold, days are coming, says the Lord, and I will complete upon the house of Israel and upon the house of Judah a new covenant, not according to the covenant which I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt, because they did not remain in my covenant, and I neglected them, says the Lord. Because this is the covenant which I will covenant with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord, giving my laws into their mind, and on their heart I will write them.' And understanding and interpreting the name of newness with special care: 'In saying "new,"' he says, 'he has made the first old; and what is growing old and aging is near disappearance.' If then the Law perfected nothing, and there has been a setting-aside of the ancient commandment and the bringing in of the second, which brings us near to God, what then does the Savior mean, 'I did not come to destroy the Law, but to fulfill'?
Greek
μὴ παρέλθῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου, ἕως ἂν πάντα γένηται.» Ἐν δέ γε τῇ κατὰ τὸν Ἰωάννην συγγραφῇ, πρὸς τὴν ἐκ τῆς Σαμαρείας γυναῖκα· «Πίστευέ μοι, γύναι, ὅτι ἔρχεται ὥρα, ὅτε οὔτε ἐν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ, οὔτε ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις προσκυνήσετε τῷ Πατρί. Ὑμεῖς προσκυνεῖτε ὃ οὐκ οἴδατε· ἡμεῖς προσκυνοῦμεν ὃ οἴδαμεν, ὅτι ἡ σωτηρία ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν. Ἀλλὰ ἔρχεται ὥρα, καὶ νῦν ἐστιν, ὅτε οἱ ἀληθινοὶ προσκυνηταὶ προσκυνήσουσι τῷ Πατρὶ ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ τοιούτους ζητεῖ τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας αὐτόν. Πνεῦμα ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας αὐτὸν, ἐν πνεύματι καὶ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ δεῖ προσκυνεῖν.»
{ΚΥΡ.} Εἶτα τί τὸ ἄναντες εἶναί σοι δοκοῦν, ὡς ἔν γε δὴ τούτοις; Τί δὲ δὴ τὸ βαθὺ καὶ δυσέφικτον; ἐρομένῳ φράσον.
{ΠΑΛΛ.} Ἐθῶν μὲν τῶν ἀρχαιοτέρων ἀποφοιτᾷν, καὶ τῆς ἐν Νόμῳ δικαιοσύνης καταλῆξαι δεῖν ἱερὸς ἡμῖν ἐπιτάττει λόγος. Ἔφη δὲ ὁ Παῦλος τοῖς ταύτης ἐφιεμένοις καὶ μετὰ τὴν πίστιν· «Κατηργήθητε ἀπὸ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, οἵτινες ἐν Νόμῳ δικαιοῦσθε, τῆς χάριτος ἐξεπέσατε. Ἡμεῖς γὰρ πνεύματι ἐκ πίστεως ἐλπίδα δικαιοσύνης ἀπεκδεχόμεθα.» Πολιτείας δὲ τῆς κατὰ τὸν Νόμον, καί τοι λαμπρὰ καὶ μεγάλα δεικνύων ἡμῖν ἐφ' ἑαυτῷ τὰ αὐχήματα, πάλιν φησίν· «Ἅτινα ἦν μοι κέρδη, ταῦτα ἥγημαι διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν ζημίαν. Ἀλλὰ μενοῦνγε καὶ ἡγοῦμαι τὰ πάντα ζημίαν, διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, δι' ὃν τὰ πάντα ἐζημιώθην, καὶ ἡγοῦμαι σκύβαλα εἶναι, ἵνα Χριστὸν κερδήσω, καὶ εὑρεθῶ ἐν αὐτῷ μὴ ἔχων ἐμὴν δικαιοσύνην, τὴν ἐκ Νόμου, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐκ πίστεως Χριστοῦ, τὴν ἐκ Θεοῦ δικαιοσύνην.» Οὐκ ἀμώμητον δὲ εἶναι τὴν ἀρχαίαν ἐντολὴν διεβεβαιοῦτο σαφῶς. Ταύτῃ τοι φησι καὶ ἀντ' ἐκείνης ἡμῖν εἰσκεκομίσθαι χρησίμως τὴν διὰ Χριστοῦ καὶ νέαν, τοῦτ' ἔστι, τὴν εὐαγγελικήν. Γράφει δὲ οὕτως· «Ἀθέτησις μὲν γὰρ γίνεται προσαγούσης ἐντολῆς, διὰ τὸ αὐτῆς ἀσθενὲς καὶ ἀνωφελές. Οὐδὲν γὰρ ἐτελείωσεν ὁ Νόμος, ἐπεισαγωγὴ δὲ κρείττονος ἐλπίδος, δι' ἧς ἐγγίζομεν τῷ Θεῷ.» Καὶ πάλιν· «Εἰ γὰρ ἡ πρώτη ἐκείνη ἦν ἄμεμπτος, οὐκ ἂν δευτέρας ἐζητεῖτο τόπος.» Μεμφόμενος γὰρ αὐτοὺς λέγει· «Ἰδοὺ ἡμέραι ἔρχονται, λέγει Κύριος, καὶ συντελέσω ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Ἰούδα διαθήκην καινὴν, οὐ κατὰ τὴν διαθήκην, ἣν ἐποίησα τοῖς πατράσιν αὐτῶν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐπιλαβομένου μου τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῶν, ἐξαγαγεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου, ὅτι αὐτοὶ οὐκ ἐνέμειναν ἐν τῇ διαθήκῃ μου, κἀγὼ ἠμέλησα αὐτῶν, λέγει Κύριος. Ὅτι αὕτη ἡ διαθήκη, ἣν διαθήσομαι τῷ οἴκῳ Ἰσραὴλ μετὰ τὰς ἡμέρας ταύτας, λέγει Κύριος, διδοὺς νόμους μου εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν, καὶ εἰς τὴν καρδίαν αὐτῶν ἐπιγράψω αὐτούς.» Ἐξόχως δὲ τὸ τῆς καινότητος ὄνομα συνιείς τε καὶ ἑρμηνεύων· «Ἐν τῷ λέγειν,» φησὶ, «καινὴν, πεπαλαίωκε τὴν πρώτην· τὸ γὰρ παλαιούμενον καὶ γηράσκον, ἐγγὺς ἀφανισμοῦ.» Εἰ τοίνυν τετελείωκε μὲν ὁ Νόμος οὐδὲν, ἀθέτησις δὲ τῆς ἀρχαίας γέγονεν ἐντολῆς καὶ τῆς δευτέρας ἐπεισφορὰ, προσοικειούσης ἡμᾶς τῷ